Supply Chain Management in Hospital Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Chain Management in Hospital - Term Paper ExampleHealth ONE Supply Chain has a wrinkle base (HCA) in Nashville Tennessee, through the Continental Division hub at this time in Denver. HCA is a major system of leading healthcare facilities crossways the state. The Continental Division facilities include North Suburban, Presbyterian St. Lukes, uprise aesculapian Center, Medical Center of Aurora, Centennial Medical Plaza, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Swedish Medical Center and the modish Colorado ability Sky Ridge Medical Center. Denver in addition services the Wesley Medical middle in Kansas, OU Medical Center, Childrens Hospital of Oklahoma, Presbyterian Tower, Everett Tower, Southwestern Medical Center and Edmond Medical Centers in Oklahoma. My premise place with Health ONE as the Facility Coordinator at Rose Medical Center involves control product sharing and inventory organization for the ability. Responsibilities also comprise expense forecasting, new manufacture d goods finale and monitoring manufactured goods utilization as it relates to vendor contract fulfillment. I am still relatively novel with HCA, with less than three years of service, so my perceptions of the managerial climate are based on an incomplete experience through the present arrangement and operations. In family member to the health and safety strategy, I must counsel the management on preventing hazards and injuries to themselves or others inside the business. The Health ONE is completely unaware of what a health a safety strategy and other workplace policies are this is why you were brought on the plank. Describe your roles and everyday jobs in relation to such policies. Make management conscious of the offici altogethery permitted requirements pathetic health, safety, and wellbeing. Advise methods of safe operational Advice management to offer protective clothing and gear for employees at all times when on site overseeing the recording and psychoanalysis of in order on injuries, and appraisal overall safety performances.

Palliative care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Palliative negociate - probe ExampleTwycross (2003) noted that alleviant distribute helps in the treatment of social, emotional, spiritual, and practical problems that the illnesses bring up. Palliative do is advantageous because it can be done the same time with treatments targeted to cure the diseases, that is, when the disease is diagnosed, during treatment, at down stage and at end of livelihood stage. Health care providers such as nurses, doctors, registered dietitians, psychologists, social workers, chaplains, and knead therapists give palliative care. The exercise takes place in cancer centers, hospitals, long-term home care agencies and otherwise care facilities.This essay involves a case scenario where Mark who is 56 years old is referred to the palliative care team because he has many serious illnesses that require extra care from the medical specialists. Mark was admitted collectible to the post haemodialysis where he was unwell, he also had restless legs and was also vomiting. Mark has a biography of hypertension end stage renal failure on haemodialysis, prostate cancer not responding to chemotherapy, a diabetic toe wound, and Type 2 Diabetes. This essay is going to demonstrate a critical sagacity of the external influences, which have a direct effect on end of life care and the strategies industrious by the practitioners to facilitate the delivery of quality palliative care services. The essay will further guess a variety of physical, social, and psychological factors that affect the clients experience in relation to palliative care.According to the case scenario, the external influences that have a direct effect on End of life care for Mark are the general weaknesses due attacks by dangerous diseases such as renal failure, type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer, which is not responding to chemotherapy. Mitchell (2008) defined End of life care as the care

VAGINITIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

VAGINITIS - Assignment ExampleHowever, the absolute majority of the people do not develop the symptoms of the condition. Moreover, the infection is most likely to be found in women as compared to men. At the same time, older women are most likely to be infected as compared to younger women (CDC, 2015). The infection occurs through sex. In women, the infection occurs in the lower genital tract spot in men infection occurs in the urethra (CDC, 2015). Infection is not likely to occur in different body parts. There are various symptoms of the infirmity in men and women, but various factors much(prenominal) as age influence presentation of symptoms. The paper will discuss the presentation, characteristics, and a treatment excogitate for Trichomonas diagnoses of vaginitis. There will also be a review of diagnostic tests before the treatment object as well as educating patient taking into consideration the health disparities that may affect treatment.The disease presents with various signs and symptoms in men and women. The challenge is that the majority of infected men and women will show no signs and symptoms. The signs are usually evident in four weeks after coming in contact with the poriferan (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015). There are various signs or symptoms in women. The first thing to honour in women is soreness, swelling, and itching in areas around the vagina (FPA, 2015). This has significantly been associated with challenges that occur when one is having sex. Secondly, there is a spay in the discharge coming out of the vagina. One may have increased discharge that has an vitriolic smell and may be thick or thin will some yellow colour (FPA, 2015). The condition is also associated with pain when urinating in women. In men, there is discharge from the penis and may be thin and whitish (FPA, 2015). At the same time, the affected person may experience pain while passing out urine. The other sign although not extensive in men is swelling

Pick a company (Thorntons) of your choice answer two question Essay

Pick a company (Thorntons) of your choice swear out two question - Essay ExampleWhile it was previously characterized as a luxury brand, it is right away loosing the perception given the recent economic conditions and the increasingly saturated market. Thorntons has thus failed to develop an edge everyplace the competition despite being a well known brand.Thorntons has been badly affected by the recent financial downturn. This is because of the increasing price of the raw materials that impacts the price of the already expensive product. Also the consumers argon left with low purchasing power given the recent recession. This is probably one reason understructure the decrease in sales. The company is also impacted by change in consumer perception regarding abrasion products including chocolate. With the increase in health and diet conscious public, Thorntons is negatively impacted, especially because Thorntons most important customers, which as women, are changing their attitude towards buying chocolate. Even under all this negative turn of events, Thorntons whitethorn still be able to succeed given its perception in the minds of the customers as a pension chocolate brand (Clark). Also the UK confectionary market provides a pleasant picture for chocolate makers since it is a emergence market with the highest market share taken by chocolate products (Datamonitor, 15)The competition for Thorntons has also increased as chocolates such as Hotel Chocolat and Lindt take on a more aggressive stance. Thorntons, with the increase in competition, did non manage to improve upon its products. Thorntons failed to innovate with more brands and different taste (Richardson).In the recent years, Thorntons has decided to hold out to selling its more commercial products in super-markets (Thorntons PLC, 2). Even though Thorntons has its own retail shop, it has moved on to sell in supermarkets where customers are given a choice of different chocolates. Given that Thorntons is a

Human Capital - Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human capital - Benchmarking - Essay ExampleHowever, many of these benefits are dwindling within the united Airlines Company along with the bet of satisfied employees. Talks of terminating the existing pension plans began in 2004. While the plan was highly supported by United Airlines administrators and investors, others were not quite as happy with the possibility. William Swelbar, president of Eclat Consulting in Arlington, VA, believes the investors would like to surrender seen the pension plans cut before they had to, as though they were letting almostone else do their dirty deed The question is, will employees be smart enough not to burn the furniture? (Allison, 2004a). These types of worries imply that the telephoner understands and acknowledges the sinking morale that can come with much(prenominal) a decision, and is considering making that decision despite this knowledge. causation further distress among the employees is the ongoing arguments surrounding these termina tions of the pension plans. Since announcing the possibility that cutting these plans would be the only musical mode out of bankruptcy for United Airlines, several other companies and financial groups have fought with United Airlines regarding the legality of such a decision. The Labor Department, along with the union representing the airlines flight attendants, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp., and the International joining of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, has filed objections to many of the events taking place among the administrators of United Airlines some of these objections came about after United Airlines quietly upstage three executives who were vocally against cutting the pension plans and named the airlines as the fiduciary. (Allison, 2004b). Although the airline has since named an independent fiduciary and made some payments into the pension plans, the amount of insecurity following such allegations is a cause of major unrest among the employees of United Airlines .

The Truman Doctrine and the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Truman Doctrine and the Cold contend - Essay caseful346). It was in this time that the coupled Nations was formed, because the world was even more conflict-weary than it had been after the vast contend, when Woodrow Wilson sought to raise a League of Nations that would stop major disputes before they ever again became worldwide contends. However, even as workers were still picking up the rubble from the damage in europium and Asia, the run acrossds of a new war between the united States and the Soviet coupling, deuce erstwhile allies, were being planted the Cold War.This was not a war that could ever really begin on a battlefield, because both of the combatants possessed the tactical business leader to destroy the planet with nuclear bombs. And so, in many instances, the Cold War became a game to see how much one side would put up with from the other. Perhaps the about volatile moments of the Cold War occurred during the Presidency of John F. Kennedy, when the Sovie t Union installed missiles on the island of Cuba, mere miles a vogue from United States soil. The fifteen days of that crisis were as close as the two sides ever came to actual nuclear holocaust.The beginnings of this Cold War, in rough ways, may be said to lie at the feet of the United States government. Even during World War II, the United States and Great Britain refused to let the Soviets join the project to create atomic weapons, which led Stalin to mistrust the other two Allies. At the end of the war, the United States stopped sending carry-lease aid far earlier than the Soviets liked, and refused to lend the Soviet government $6 billion for reconstruction, while at the same time lending Great Britain $3.75 billion for similar costs (Pollard, p. 27). The two sides also differed on the postwar fate of Eastern Europe the Soviet Union, having been invaded twice in thirty years by German armies, wanted to create a buffer zone protecting it from further western invasions, and so it quickly cemented control over most of Eastern Europe, including the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The Americans, in contrast, supported the Wilsonian idea of an open world filled with autonomous, democratic nations. The Soviet grab for Eastern Europe immediately after World War II ended deeply offended American sensibilities (Bailey and Kennedy, p. 822).Stalin was in no way innocent in the beginnings of the Cold War. In 1946, he broke an agreement to remove Soviet troops from northern Iran. In early 1947, when Great Britain told the United States it could no longer assist the Greek government in care stability, and when the Turkish government seemed vulnerable to internal agitation, President Truman decided that a containment policy toward the Soviet Union would be best. In a speech to Congress on March 12, 1947, he asked for $400 meg in aid to Greece and Turkey, to help keep their governments from collapsing, and to keep Communist influence from overtaking those two coun tries. In this speech, Truman hearkened back to World War II for support One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. This was a

Pre School Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pre enlighten Observation - Essay ExampleIt can be noticed that many children in the manikin are overweight but Edwin seems to be have a well proportioned body. Edwin is one child in the class who has good physique.3. The three things that acknowledged his status as a preschooler was his talkative attitude, his impulsive fashion and his hyper use. I observed the path he talked, which was with break through a break. Moreover he was not able to put forward in one place he was very impulsive and acted whatever he spoke out in words. Also he was not standing in one place and was moving continuously.4. smell from the health perspective, Edwin was a normal child with good physique and a cheerful attitude. But it is a fact that he is bit over grown compared to his classmates. His body also showed an overgrown aspect which when compared to his healed children become odd. I can take this fact as a hereditary attribute as his parents both are tall and well built. Emotionally he seemed to be strong with good activity and physical capabilities.1. While observing closely, the three gross motor skills that can be pinpointed are the way he walked, ran and did sit dups. I noticed that bandage walking, he was not placing his foot with pressure on to the ground and it seemed as if he is not touching the ground with his feet. While running, I observed that he ran with his shoulders stooped to front which was not a healthy way of running, this can hurt his shoulder with time. When I asked the class do sit ups, he could not get up properly and had to place his transfer on legs. I could see that Edwin was not enjoying the sit up movements.2. While comparing what I demonstrate in book and activity of Edwin it can be understood that what Edwin was doing was not exactly right. The walking farewell can be understood as he his hyper but to place shoulder stooping while running is not a recommended activity. Doing sit ups he was normal as

My Synthetic Journey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Synthetic Journey - Essay ExampleI say over again The streets are invariably wet, my ashes can hardly fly and make a nuisance of my dark overcoating. But it is a matter of no importance, I decided then and there. The wet floor becomes puddles at places, and I try to skip them by and nibble at the tho question that nags my mind Am I really regular I try to dally with the answer for bedtime soporific musings. Then I think, If I must go photographic plate now, there will be so much to do with the rest of the day. For instance, I will have to avoid being alone amidst the whole of the neighborhood, praying before dinner, retentivity hands across fences or already making love in their kitchen. In the street, I only need to fear the rain and the sky that is chequered with the fate of the stars. It is never regular and yet always the forgotten limit. The street is now a little darker every window looks warm and lost in velvety warmth that has withstood the daylights assault. There t hats my home, my house, and my shelter. I will have the darkness to stir from the porch to the bed work I leave a wake of flooded ennui. I am lost within my ingest rhythm of chores. A sensitized journey along the streets to the unique shelter that I call my home is undergone and homeostasis is reached for the day until the day begins again and I start from the same point. I was supposed to know you by name, but I shall call you My synthetic journey.

The Success of Ford Motor Company Research Paper

The Success of Ford Motor Company - Research Paper ExampleAccording to the typography we highlight some of the issues mentioned in the case and support it with research in the automobile persistence domain. The direction is restricted to the US automobile commercialize though we need to consider the global car market since the automobile industry is global in nature. Manufacturing, Research and Development and raw materials are often sourced from across the globe. Similarly, products manufactured in one country are often exported and sold in several different countries. Here, we are discussing the case in the context of the automotive industry in US. There are references to the global environment also. Some of the peripheral aspects of the case also deal with the global scenario.From this discussion it is clear that the company was operating in a highly competitive US market. The US market was marked by consumers who were facing the brunt of a slow-growth economy with several macro-economic indicators at an all-time low. Naturally, this led to the demand for highly businesslike automobiles. The concerns were with maximizing the value of every dollar earned. This was applicable to all consumer durable products. The political setup was lasting and emphasized robust economic growth. Socio-economic forces tended to be positive for all the consumer durable goods that dominated the market. The environment was technology intensive and it permeated to all classes of products, more especially in the area of communication services. In automobile industry, crown of thorns cars, electric vehicles and traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles with higher fuel efficiency were making their presence felt. The industry was driven by the car manufacturers. Supplier power was low since they could not bargain for higher prices easily. Additionally, in that respect were more suppliers who could cater to automobile companies.

Ecological Footprint Reflection (Environmental Sustainability) Term Paper

Ecological trace Reflection (Environmental Sustainability) - Term Paper ExampleIn practical approach ones stimulate personal life style (related to food, mobility or waste) is selected and its ecological footprint is collapsed for four hebdomads and then lessening strategies (intervention) were employed for that particular life style for the abutting four weeks. Then a comparison was brought in to see how the reducing strategies affected ones Ecological foot print. The aim of this project was to analyze baseline food using up based on small calories and the reduction strategy was employed to reduce the calorie intake and to have a healthy diet.The 9th week, which was the first week of intervention failed miserably as that week alone had a large consumption 1450 ml of alcoholic beverages, 1000ml of scratch cream, 1.10 kg of fried chicken, 5 eggs and 4.48 kg of rice put together sums up a large intake of calorie, this postgraduate intake was associated to socializing with fri ends. The following weeks of intervention was more successful as both alcohol and ice cream consumption fell to 500ml each in the 2nd week to nil in the next two weeks for both. Alcohol has a high calorie content of 7 calories per gram and so reduction in alcoholic beverages can have good effect on the ecological footprint. This intervention either way had an effect on the overall alcohol consumption 2250 ml in baseline bring in (4 weeks) compared to only 1825 ml on application of reduction strategy (4 weeks). At the uniform time ice-cream consumption was same for both the base line and intervention period.In the meat section the four week reduction strategy helped to reduce consumption of beef from 2.75 kg of initial four weeks (baseline) to 0.80kg and at the same time consumption of pork was reduced from 0.20 to 0.10 kg .Beef provides an enormous amount of calories on an average 250Kcal per 100gram. porc contains high amount of non healthy fat. The intervention was not success ful in reducing consumption of

Indian Negotiation Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Indian Negotiation Styles - Essay ExamplePast and recent analyses on Indian negotiating style show that the styles adopted in Indian business environment are largely ordered with their cultural believes, social values, and attitudes towards life in general (Stephen, 2010). Indians embrace family values and respect the aspect of honesty, respect, order, and hierarchy. Indian culture also features a strong element of interpersonal communications and relationships. The individual is never single out from the deal. They view the negotiation in human terms rather than strictly technical business processes. In essence, Indian negotiating styles combines the values of culture honesty and details in ways that focus largely on the results rather than the processes. It is therefore important for business theorists to establish ways of establishing ways through which the synergies of culture, attitudes, and values displace be incorpo straddled into business practice.It is currently not known how all multinationals in India can equally achieve success in their business processes, since the Indian culture and negotiating style poses a challenge to them. Although nearly multinationals in India have succeeded, a considerable number have registered failure, due to lack of knowledge on how to successfully negotiate in India. Failure of these multinationals to take into account the culture and negotiating styles of India will result in their continued low profitability and productivity in India. The Problem Background For more than the past 20 years, foreign companies have been trying to gain entry into the business environment of India. Although these organizations have always managed to enter the Indian market, they have failed to realize their target profits, even as their productivity decreases each year. This contrasts the fact that the tax revenue of India has kept improving for the past number of years. If the economy improves, one would expect also all the compani es in the country to have increased productivity. However, this was not the case with foreign companies in India. While the growth rate of the Indian economy topped at 7 percent, the growth rate of

Discuss the use of Lasers in Compact Disk Players for audio (CD) and Essay

Discuss the use of Lasers in abridge Disk Players for sound (CD) and computer applications (DVD) - Essay ExampleWays of storing data is not the only topic that has meliorate over the years but also means of ensuring that selective information reaches the destination safely has improved from data taking days to be delivered to today where it can only take seconds to send and befool the corresponding. Various digital methods have been improved with earliest development of laser optical being seen in the 70s where they used barge to allow any activity that took place on the surfaces of the twitch disks. The laser could only capture the audio parts, but with various improvements, the compact record books can clearly capture the video segment and duplicate them in various copies. Technology is still expanding and being developed and so are the compact disks that it will come a time that most of the things we are using upright will all be operating on digital basis. Principles o f Operation of These Systems The laser comfortable has the magnate to be pure and coherent which makes it well suited for complicated applications for devices such as compact record book (CD) players (Rafiquzzaman, 2005). The hop out is focused with tremendous accuracy, which allows it to perceive the infinitesimal pits that appear at the surface of a euphony CD. Then there are the electronic circuits that single out the torrent of dark and bright patterns that the light identifies then decodes them into high quality medicament. CDs and DVDs are optical are visual storage mediums that have digital data recorded on top of them (Rushbrook & Roderick, 2002). These two devices uses compact magnetic criminal record player devises that are overt of reading the recorded data using optical beams, which accurately duplicates the original data such as pictures and music. There is a detector that is also referred to photodiode that receives rapid light waves being reflected on top of the CD. The photodiode is really sensitive to the laser light which makes it extremely significant in altering it to electric signals and other strategic signals used by digital devices. The compact disc player is created in a way that it reads the information by optical means making the tearing and wearing of the discs almost impossible. The technology that has been used for decades with CDs and DVDs is real much the same with only very minimal changes being made to the same (Clements, 1994). Whether the discs have been designed for video, audio or computer applications the basic operations are essentially the same. The laser operations work the same with all the compact devises that are required to store digital information for a period of time. Compared to the light from the bulbs, the laser lights contained a single pure color and all the lights effects are in contemporize which allows it to move in precise beams that do not extend out. These properties have been important f or compact discs since the music information is divided into tracks of about one thousandth of a millimeter thick. This requires lens that focuses the laser light to a miniature spot that can locate these tracks (Rushbrook & Roderick, 2002). Their Historical Development The first video disc player to be made was manufactured in 1970 which actually used laser to pick information. The disc worked like today CDs by picking encoded information on the surface of a revolving optical disc and turning it into important information such as music (Clements, 1994). There were two main gases that were very important for laser disc player, this includes neon and

Case study of HRD within an organization Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Of HRD within an organization - wooing Study ExampleAny department facing a shortage of employees is expected to contact the HRD so that the necessary action can be taken. Therefore, it can be argued that the HRD constitutes the engine of an organization in that it plays the interchange role in ensuring effective coordination of the employee. In order to expound more on the HRD and acquire well-nigh essential lessons, we focus on a case study of HRD within the Coca-Cola political party.The Coca-Cola Company operates a hierarchal organizational structure where staff members are grouped in terms of ranks. The sequence of command has several(prenominal) stages since the company bases its operation in many countries around the world. The company has more than 200 offices in unalike countries of the world. Each office is accountable for the coordination of activities within the country or region in which it is located (Griffin, 2011). The offices in the different countries are ended by business operational managers. The operational managers in the respective countries and regions organise the work of other departments. Each operational manager coordinates about eight departments including the human resource department. However, the trouble and staffing of HRD must be done according to the guidelines provided by the head office located in capital of Georgia Georgia in the United States. The HRD is headed by a human resource manager who coordinates all the activities involving recruitment, remuneration, and furtherance of employees. The human resource manager works with a team of staff to enhance transparency and accountability.The HRD of the Coca-Cola Company works in close conjunction with other departments for the better performance of the company. For instance, before the recruitment of reinvigorated employees is done, the HRD must liaise with the finance department to identify whether there are enough funds to serve the recruitment exercise. In additi on, the HRD works with all departments of the company to

Reasons for Investing in Malaysia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reasons for Investing in Malaysia - Essay ExampleIt has long coastlines on both peninsulas. 63.6% of the population is between the ages of 15-64 years. The currency is the ringgit whose value fluctuates seasonally at between 3.3 and 3.8 to the US dollar.Malaysia is a highly stable republic. It takes on a Westminster democratic bodily structure of governance with Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin as the ceremonial monarch and head of State. The Prime Minister Mohammed Najib bin Abdul Razak is the authentic prime minister and head of government. The premier rises to power by virtue of leading the largest party in the demoralise House of Representatives. In the bicameral representation structure, there is an upper house consisting of 70 Dewan Negara (Senators) and (Dewan Rakyat) the lower house with 222 elected representatives. This structure has ensured stability and continuity.Before British rulers united it, Malaysia consisted of several autonomous states. The British joined them into the Federation of Malaya later to be known as Malaysia. After independence in 1963, there was a brief period of armed conflicts, which came to an end after the renegade state of Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since then, the country has been very stable.The majority of the population is made up of Malays with significant portions of Chinese and Indians. Malay is the official diction while Islam is the official religion. However, Islamic law is only applied to the Muslims in matters concerning family and religious issues such as divorce, custody, and inheritance only. (Zainal et al 1994)Another obvious advantage is that the level of bureaucracy in Malaysia, especially when establishing a new business, is low and user-friendly. It takes about two or three licenses to invest depending on the nature of the think business.Malaysia is classified as a medium developing country.

A Case Study on Toyota Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 17500 words

A Case Study on Toyota Corporation - Essay slipon 26 2.6 Integrated marketing corporation 27 2.7 Brand restructuring 29 2.8 Brand communicating 30 2.9 Brand recall strategy 30 2.10 The Toyota brand strategy 31 2.11 C at onceptual manikin 32 Chapter 3 look into Methodology 35 3.1 Overview 35 3.2 Research approach 35 3.3 Research strategy 36 3.4 Data gathering instrument 36 3.5 Description of data 37 3.5.1 native data 37 3.5.2 Secondary data 38 3.6 Validity and reliability 39 3.7 Sampling opening 40 3.8 Conduct of personal interviews 41 3.9 Ethical consideration 42 3.10 Limitations of the study 43 Chapter 4 Data Analysis, Discussion and Findings 44 4.1 Overview 4.2 Results of the survey and interviews 44 4.2.1 Survey questionnaire results 44 4.2.2 Interview results 52 4.3 Results of enter search 55 4.3.1 Data from Toyotas audited annual reports 55 4.3.2 Data from market studies comparison with competitors 59 4.4 Chapter summary 63 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 64 5.1 C onclusion 64 5.1.1 How branding enables a firm to recover from the negative effects of a ingathering recall 64 5.1.2 How Toyotas US product recall impacted on its brand image 65 5.1.3 Measures taken by Toyota to treat adverse impacts of the recall 66 5.1.4 Brand strategies Toyota should adopt to regain its former position 67 5.2 boilersuit recommendations for Toyotas brand strategy 73 5.3 Recommendations for future research 75 Bibliography 77 Appendices 86 heel of Tables Table 1 Consolidated vehicle production 15 Table 2 Consolidated proceeding 15 Table 3 Survey sample questionnaire 37 Table 4 Mean dozens and interpretation of survey results 45 Table 5 Results of the regression study 49 Table 6 Model summary 49 Table 7 Comparative income statement of Toyota Motor Corporation 56 Table 8 Balance sheet of Toyota Motor... This study examined the effect on the publics cognition of the Toyota brand, and the appropriate brand strategies that the firm may adopt in order to establish o nce more Toyotas brand position in the public mind for quality and reliability. It concludes that despite the negative promotional material and adverse consequence of the Companys recalls, the chances Toyota may redeem itself and assume market leadership once more argon high with the help of strategic brand management particular to addressing a product recall event.The modern age of business can be defined as an age of contender. The competition within an industry is gradually increasing with the magnification of business as many new players are entering into the market. There are several reasons behind this intensifying competition. Firstly, globalisation is one of the primary reasons for expansion of trade and business that lead to increased competition. Many business organisations take over found greater opportunities in overseas market, and free trade policies and agreements between multiple countries facilitated their market expansion programs (Hitt et al 2009).The domesti c markets have turned into global markets that heightened competition rivalry among existing domestic and new multinational enterprises. Since last both decades, the society has been experiencing a rapid technological improvement. The technological advancements have led to change the structure of built-in trade and business. The management tasks and operational process are now backed with technology like e-commerce and e-business.

Assessment and Learners Essay Example for Free

Assessment and Learners EssayIntroduction The aim of this report is to strike my purposes and responsibilities as a instructor delivering the Level 2 Certificate in young person Work Practice (City and Guilds). The course is attended by trainee youth exerters aged 18 and over and consists of 20 taught sessions and a work-based post. The force is sagaciousness based, with only Learners producing a portfolio of evidence to bide their learning. The portfolios are assessed, checked by an Internal Verifier and samples of the portfolios are checked by an External Verifier to agree the standards of appraisal. Responsibilities The role of teacher holds m any(prenominal) responsibilities. Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK) defines two educational activity roles 1. Associate Teacher, Learning and Skills (ATLS) which is a supportive role 2. Qualified Teacher, Learning and Skills (QTLS) which is a full direction role To become a QTLS the Institute for Learning (IfL) states As a new ent rant to instruct in the Learning and Skills Sector, you will have to complete the PTLLS award. It must be completed at bottom whizz year of initial employment. (March, S, 2010 4) It is my responsibility as a teacher to complete this qualification and continuously farm my skills as a professional. As a teacher some of my responsibilities include having knowledge and understanding of the subject, class development and delivery and appropriate initial, formative an summative opinion methods. As a teacher within the Level 2 Certificate in Youth Work Practice I am obligated for the development and delivery of a suitable curriculum to enable Learners to complete the qualification by demonstrating and evidencing their learning.This as well as includes carrying out initial assessments for all Learners and identifying any needs of the individual or the group. During the development of the curriculum I plan and prepare sessions to meet the learning outcomes of the course, sourcing and developing appropriate resources then delivering sessions and supporting Learners where incumbent. Suitable assessment methods and evaluation processes will also be structured into the curriculum to see to it continuous development of the course, the Learners and the teachers. another(prenominal) responsibilities within my role include* conquer record keeping. This may include Learners details, registration forms, Initial Assessments, registers, portfolio files, results and assessment records, placement details and session plans alongside schemes of work. These records are kept to chequer all Learners needs are met and progress is appropriately recorded on Individual Learning Plans which are necessary for certification. Work placement details and Criminal Record Bureau (CRB) checks also need to be kept to assure safeguarding and health and caoutchouc policies and procedures are followed correctly.Records must be kept in accordance to legislation and also as a matter of best recital and for auditing purposes. * Suitable evaluation. Evaluation of the Learners progress is essential to their learning to identify areas for improvement. It is important to evaluate the curriculum, sessions and my own development to ensure my hold is reflective, professional and continuously developing. * Respect. Paramount to my role as a teacher is treasure for the Learners and my colleagues, including professional boundaries.This includes maintaining a degree of formality and understanding of the limits of my kindred with the Learners, ensuring these are made clear, preventing the crossing of boundaries. This also includes an awareness of my own limitations within my role and knowing how and where to guideline Learners for further support. legislating There are many policies and procedures to follow within my own organisation and the qualification awarding body, governing many aspects of my role as teacher. Some of these relate to legislation such as * The equivalence prompt (2010)This act promotes equality of opportunity. My practice must be inclusive and take into condition this legislation to prevent diversity as guided by mu organisations Equal Opportunities Policy. * The Data Protection Act (1998) This act regulates the processing and storing of information about individuals. My organisation follows appropriate policies and procedures in accordance with this act including storing all Learners files in a lockable file in a suitable environment only accessed by authorized lag.* The Copyright Licensing Act (CLA) (1988) Organisations must have a license to copy parts of books and documents. It is vital to ensure this is followed when copying any material to ensure it is done within the limits of the organisations licence. * Health and resort at Work etc Act (1974) This is the main piece of legislation covering health and safety in the work place including anyone entering and using the premises. * Management of Health and Safety at Work Re gulations (1999) This Legislation requires allemployers carry out appropriate risk assessments, implement necessary measures, appoint competent staff and arrange suitable information and training around health and safety.My organisation also follows appropriate policies and procedures to ensure both this and the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) are complied with. This includes risk assessments, record keeping, starting time aid training, incident reporting and safeguarding policies and procedures. As well as legislation and organisation policies and procedures there is a code of practice to be followed by teachers, produced by The Institute for Learning (IfL).This outlines the standards of professional behaviour expect of members working in further education and includes * Professional integrity regarding all interactions with Learners, colleagues and other professionals. * Show respect to all Learners and colleagues and recognise and value diversity and engage in anti-oppressi ve practices. * Ensure reasonable care regarding the safety and wellbeing of others where possible and within legislation. * Provide evidence of your own professional development. * Notify the IfL as in brief as possible after cautioning or conviction for a criminal offence.* Provide appropriate support during any investigation by the IfL. My own practice also requires me to work within the National Youth Agency code of practice too. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion As a teacher it is essential that my practice ensures the fair treatment of all Learners and that they are allowed equal opportunities to participate and gain the qualification. This may involve adapting sessions including timings, resources, assessment methods and providing additional support where necessary.The Equality Act (2010) bans unfair treatment and aims to achieve equal opportunities within the work place and wider society. The act replaces previous anti-discrimination laws to make legislation simpler and rem ove inconsistencies and covers nine protected characteristics which cannot be use as a reason to treat people unfairly. The protected characteristics are 1. Age 2. Disability 3. grammatical gender reassignment (choosing to live as a gender other than that assigned to you at birth, with or without surgery.) 4. Marriage and obliging partnership 5. Pregnancy and maternity 6. Race 7. Religion or belief 8. Gender 9. Sexual penchant The Equality Act identifies ways in which it is unlawful to treat people including * Direct and indirect discrimination * Harassment * Victimisation * Failing to make reasonable adjustments for people with disabilities My organisation operates within an equal opportunities form _or_ system of government influenced by this Act which must be followed by all staff and Learners.As well as a commitment to equality within my practise it is important to recognise and value individual differences and the diametric cultural backgrounds of Learners, colleagues and t he wider community. My practice must promote diversity through my behaviour, use of language and appropriate challenging of others to reflect this. Inclusion within pedagogy ensures that all Learners are able to participate and feel included, removing any barriers to their learning experience.This should include all teaching and learning processes from the planning and delivery stages to evaluation and further planning. Appropriate information should be collected at the Initial Assessment stage to allow necessary adaptations to the teaching programme. This may include providing additional support for Functional Skills or allowing time and space for prayers. Recommendations for professional practice Throughout my teaching practice I will continuously update my skills through training, supervision and self-evaluation to ensure a high standard of professional practice.I will also review all necessary policies and practices to work within legislation and promote best practice. It is al so important to maintain suitable seize with governing bodies to stay updates with codes of conduct and changes to legislation. Bibliography Cohen, L, Manion, L and Morrison, K. (2004) A Guide to Teaching Practice, 5th Edition, Suffolk Routledge Great Britain. Equality Act 2010, London HMSO March, S. (2010) Preparing to Teach the first steps Chartered Institute of Environmental Health.

Plato Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Plato Knowledge EssayAristotles Posterior Analytics Reading Questions (1) In the Meno, Plato argued that it was impossible for us to receive something genuinely stark naked if you know x, you neednt inquire about x, and if you dont know x, you wint recognize it when you find it. Thus, Plato argued, each(prenominal) learning is really recollection. Aristotle is trying to give a incompatible answer to the Meno problem, one that doesnt involve reincarnating or Platonic Forms. What is it? Aristotle argues that knowledge must be displayed in the demonstrative structure of a science. (2) How and why does Aristotle distinguish things foregoing and better cognise to us from things anterior and better known by nature? He distinguishes things prior and better known to us from things prior and better known by nature in Posterior Analytics. What is better known to us versus what is known by nature is not the same thing because what is known to us is affected by our perception. Whe reas we cause what is prior and better known by nature which is furthest from perception (particular vs widely distributed is how he describes such.He proves we will result in Platos theory in the Meno of confirming what we already know or learning nothing at all if we fail to distinguish between the two. (3) Why does Aristotle deny that everything cornerstone be demonstrated? Aristotle denies that not everything flowerpot be demonstrated. Those of which whom allow circular demonstration (i. e If A, wherefore B, then A must equal C. ) are reiterating that in conclusion, A is A at all times. This method can be used to prove anything because we are not considering the distinctive properties of each factor.Also, last-place that the results are not deduction nor relevant to the things assumed. (4) Can you explain Aristotles claim that perception produces the universal in us? How does this explain how something indemonstrable can be known? Aristotle claims that perception produces t he universal in us it describes that we have prior knowledge of a subject that is a commonly accepted idea until one of the factors from that subject proves otherwise. It is not to say that because one takes a stand that all others will do as well but through reasoning we can come to a paradigm shift that accepts the new theory.It would not need to be demonstrated then but simply understood and accepted amongst the community. (5) Plato would see with Aristotle that we can know x in virtue of having demonstrated that x. But he would disagree with Aristotles account of how indemonstrable can be known. Why, and what would he say instead? Plato would disagree with Aristotles account of how indemonstrable can be known because where he understood universals as forms, Aristotle believes universals are generalizations from particulars.

History of Mexican Revolution Essay Example for Free

History of Mexi mess Revolution EssayThe overbold transports readers to a ghost town on the desert plains in Mexico, and there it weaves together tales of passion, loss, and revenge. The village of Comala is populate by the wandering souls of former inhabitants, individuals not yet pure enough to enter heaven. Like the fictional character Juan Preciado, who travels to Comala and suddenly finds himself conf apply, as readers we argon not sure ab show up what we see, hear, or understand. But the novel is dubious for other reasons. Since publication in 1955, the novel has come to define a style of writing in Mexico.Sparse language, echoes of orality, details heavy with meaning, and a fragmentary structure transformed the literary representation of rustic life instead of the well-disposed realism that had dominated in earlier decades, Rulfo created a quintessentially Mexican, modernist gothic.. The haunting install of Pedro Paramo derives from the fitful story of Mexican modern ity, a story that the novel tells in a way that more than objective historical and sociological analyses cannot. As an aesthetic expression characterized by imaginative understanding, the novel explores Mexican social history of the late nineteenth and proto(prenominal) twentieth centuries.The decadent remnants of a quasi-feudal social order, waste revolutions, and a dramatic exodus from the countryside to the city all gave rise to ghost towns across Mexico. Pedro Paramo tells the stories of three primary(prenominal) characters Juan Preciado, Pedro Paramo, and Susana San Juan. From the point of view of Juan Preciado, the novel is the story of a sons search for identity and retribution. Juans mother, Dolores Preciado, was Pedro Paramos wife. Although he does not sway his fathers name, Juan is Pedros only legitimate son. Juan has returned to Comala to claim just whats ours, as he had earlier promised his dying mother.Juan Preciado guides readers into the ghost story as he encount ers the lost souls of Comala, sees apparitions, hears voices, and eventually suspects that he too is dead. We see through Juans eyes and hear with his ears the voices of those hide in the cemetery, a reading experience that evokes the poetic obituaries of Edgar Lee Masters Spoon River Anthology (1915). Along with Juan Preciado, readers scrap together these fragments of lives to construct an image of Comala and its demise. Interspersed among the fragments recounting Juans story are flashbacks to the biography of Pedro Paramo.Pedro is the son of landowners who have seen fracture days. He also loves a young girl, Susana San Juan, with a desire that consumes his life into adulthood. I came to Comala because I had been told that my father, a man named Pedro Paramo, lived there. page 3 Although the story line in these biographical fragments follows a generally chronological order, the duration of time is strangely distorted brief textual passages that may read like colloquial exchang es sometimes condense large historical periods. Moreover, the third-person narrative voice oscillates between two discursive registers.On the unmatchable hand, poetic passages of interior monologue capture Pedros love for Susana and his sensuality on the other, more out(prenominal) descriptions and dialogues represent a domineering rancher determined to amass wealth and possessions. Within this alternation between the first- and third-person narrative voices, readers mustiness listen for another voice and reconstruct a third story, that of Susana San Juan. We overhear bits of her tale through the ears of Juan Preciado, hearing with him to the complaints that Susanain her restless deathgives forth in the cemetery of Comala.I was thinking of you, Susana. Of the green hills. Of when we used to fly kits in the windy season. We could hear the sounds of life from the town below we were high above on the hill, playing out string to the wind. Help me Susana. And soft hands would tighte n on mine. Let out more string. page 12 Poetic sections evoke her passion for another man, Florencio, and Pedro never becomes the object of Susanas affection. Juan Preciado, Pedro Paramo, and Susana San Juan are all haunted by ghosts in turn, they become ghosts who haunt the realities of others.They say that when people from there split and go to hell, they come back for a blanket. page 6 Although as readers we have the sense of lives formerly lived by these characters, they emerge for us as phantasms, as partially known presences who are not straight off intelligible and who linger with inexplicable tenacity. Reading Pedro Paramo creates a transformative recognition of Mexicos move toward modernity in the early twentieth century more than the objective lessons learned from social and cultural history, as a novel, Pedro Paramo produces a structure of feeling for readers that immerses us through the experience of haunting.As ghosts, Pedro, Susana, and Juan point outward to the s ocial context of use of Mexico in the difficult movement toward modernization, toward social arrangements that never completely die as a newer social order is established. Pedros accumulation of land as a rancher harks back to the trends of capital accumulation during the benign authoritarianism of President Porfirio Diaz (1876-1911).The Porfiriato strove to modernize the nation through the development of infrastructure and investment it allowed for anomalies such as the intro of the Media Luna ranch and strong local power brokers such as Pedro Paramo who shared the interests of the elite and helped maintain a thinly veiled feudal social order. Within this context, Susana San Juan and other individuals murmur their complaints in ghostly whispers. Indeed, at one point, Rulfo planned to call the novel Los murmullosthe murmurs.Speaking in the streets of Comala, overheard in dreams, and groaning in the cemetery, these spectral murmurs tell a reality hidden beneath the facade of Porf irian progress. The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 gave expression to repressed barbariansthe campesinos of farming(prenominal) Mexicoand put an end to the Porfiriato. Susana San Juan, in turn, reveals the repressed role of women in a patriarchal order. In this field women are chattel and ranch-owners can forcibly populate the countryside with bastard children by asserting feudal rights to the bodies of peasant women living on their lands.Peasant revolutionaries and Susana San Juan as well are all manipulated by Pedro Paramo. He can force events to keep them all in the places where he would have them, but he cannot control their desires and their pleasures. The peasants celebrate festivals, and after the revolution they eventually rebel again by participating in the Cristero Revolt of 1926-1929. Susana suffers wrong-doing and remembers pleasure in evocative passages that underscore her erotic ties to Florencio, a man unknown to others in the novel, perhaps a dead soldier from the revolution, the man Pedro would have had to be in order to have Susanas love.The alternate was crowded with fat, swollen stars. The moon had come out for a little while and and then vanished. It was one of those sad moons that nobody looks at or even notices. It hung there for a little while, pale and disfigured, and then hid itself behind the mountains. -Juan Rulfo References Carol Clark DLugo, The Fragmented Novel in Mexico The Politics of Form (Austin University of Texas Press, 1997), 70-81. Patrick Dove, Exigele lo nuestro Deconstruction, Restitution and the Demand of legal transfer in Pedro Paramo, Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 10. 1 (2001) 25-44,

The executive branch of the U.S. goverment Essay Example for Free

The administrator first of the U.S. goverment set aboutUsing specific examples discuss how Madisons observations in Federalist Paper 51 apply to the relationship in the midst of the legislative branch and the current chairwoman.In order to keep the government from becoming too effectful and endangering the intimacy of its people, the framers of the linked States Constitution endorsed the implementation of separation of powers so that the different branches of the government would keep one other(a) in check. In Federalist Paper 51, Madison focused on the crucial relationship between the legislative and administrator branches with the use of separation of powers. He stated, In the republican government the legislative authority, necessarily, predominates. The remedy for this overreach at is, to divide the legislative into different branchesand the weakness of the administrator may require, on the other hand, that it should be fortified. sentence the separation of po wers has successfully protected the liberty of Americas people, it has besides caused a continual struggle between the executive and legislative branch to gain power over matters such as the economy, the right to pass canon, and ascertain over the military. Due to the prevalence of the legislative power severely limiting the authority of the executive, there is a large imbalance between the demands and expectations pressing in upon the chair and his capacity to respond to them. The professorship can non get his policies adopted by Congress without long delays and much bargaining. However, some fortification of the executive branch has completelyowed the president overcome some of these limitations in performing roles such as commander in question, headman diplomat, and chief legislator.The president holds the most authority as commander in chief than in any other role. While the Congress has the sole power to declare state of war, the president can send armed forces into a country in situations that are the equivalent of war. Numerous presidents in the history of America have exercised this right. McKinley displace legions to Peking after the Boxer Rebellion, while Truman dispatched man to Korea to take police litigate. Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon had an entire war in Southeast Asia without Congress approval. In 1973, however, Congress attempted to get some oftheir military decision-making ability post.By passing the war Powers Act, Congress spelled out the conditions under which the president can dispatch troops without the approval of Congress. If he chooses to send troops, the president mustiness report to Congress within forty-eight hours. and so Congress has the right to pass a declaration of war within sixty days, extend the sixty-day time limit, or withdraw the troops. In 1983, President Reagan tested the War Powers Act when he wanted troops to remain in Lebanon. Congress would only allow him a limited number of troops to live in the dangerous area. In spite of the War Powers Act, the powers of the president as commander in chief are more extensive today than they were in the past.As chief diplomat the president is granted several powers in dealing with foreign countries and other heads of state that do not require the go for of Congress. The recognition power, which allows the president to recognize, or refuse to recognize, a foreign government, is an crucial power of the president. In innovational generation, the simple act of receiving a foreign diplomat has been equivalent to accrediting the diplomat and officially recognizing his or her government. such recognition is a preliminary step in achieving diplomatic relations or negotiations with another country. The joined States, for example, did not recognize the Soviet Union until 1933, sixteen years after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The presidents power as chief diplomat is enhanced greatly by the use of executive agreements also.These agreements made between the president and other heads of state do not require Senate approval because the president cannot go back on his word. The advantages of executive agreements instead of a treaty are speed and secrecy, which are extremely important in some situations. Unlike a treaty however, executive agreements are binding only during the administrating that initiates it, unless O.K. by the new presidents consent. Despite its lack of interference in approving the agreements, the Senate can refuse to abstract the funds necessary in implementing them. Franklin Roosevelt used executive agreements to bypass congressional isolationists in trading American destroyers for British Caribbean naval bases and in arranging diplomatic and military affairs with Canada and Latin American nations.As chief legislator, the president can propose legislation however, theCongress must review them and is not indispensable to pass any of the administrations bills. To overcome this obstacle the president must have the ability to argue and persuade. tally to Richard E. Neustadt, governing rests in the act of persuasion not commands. The president needs to induce them to believe that what he wants of them is what their own appraisal of their own responsibilities requires them to do in their interests. On the other hand, the president must subscribe all bills accepted by Congress to become a law. If he does not want to capture the bill a law, the president has the power to return the unsigned bill to the legislator, in what is called a prohibit. If the president does send the bill back, Congress can change the bill hoping the president will pass it the undermentioned time otherwise, the Congress can override the presidents veto with a two-thirds vote in both houses.If the executive refuses to sign a bill and Congress adjourns within ten working days, the bill is stalled and must be reintroduced next session, in what is known as a pocket veto. Ronald Reagan lobbied for the line-ite m veto, which would allow a president to veto only specific sections of a bill. In 1996, the line-item veto was passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton. The law grants the president the power to rescind any item in an appropriations bill unless Congress passes a disapproval bill, which could be vetoed itself. The veto is a very powerful weapon that helps the executive control legislation and in turn gives the president more authority in making critical decisions.The president is also granted a variety of superfluous powers and privileges not available to the other branches of the U.S. government, which help to fortify the executive. unmatchable of these powers is the Presidents ability to use indispensability powers. Emergency power is an inherent capability exercised by the president during a period of national crisis, especially pertaining to foreign predicaments, which allows him to make crucial decisions without the approval of Congress. Presidents have used emerge ncy powers since the formation of the United States.For example, President Lincoln su communicateed the liberties of all citizens at the beginning of the Civil War and called the militia into national service. However, it was not until 1936, when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Roosevelt in United States v. Curtis-Wright Export Corporation, allowing the president to order an embargo on theshipment of weapons to two warring South American countries without the consent of Congress, that the executives have been able to initiate emergency powers formally. The right of an executive to use emergency powers has greatly strengthened the position of the president.An executive order is a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the equivalent effect that a law has. These orders can implement treaties, statutes, and provisions in the Constitution. This authority inclined to the president represents the executives legislative power. The Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 plac es a single requirement on executive orders the president must publish the order in the Federal Register. Executive orders have been used in the past to implement national affirmative action regulations, to establish procedures for appointing administrators, to ration consumer goods, and to regulate the export of fussy goods. Executive orders give the president the ability to act as a law making body, one time again strengthening his position.All presidents have the right of executive privilege, which allows him to refuse to appear before, or hold back nurture from, the judicial system or Congress. Opponents believe that this privilege only allows the president to hide information from Congress and the American people. In the United States history, the boundaries of executive privilege have only been tested once. During the Watergate Scandal, Nixon claimed, No president could function if the private papers of his office, prepared by his personal staff, were open to public scruti ny. In 1974, the Supreme Court ordered Nixon to give all of the tapes of his conversations in the Oval Office to the courts upon their unanimous belief in United States v. Nixon. Executive privilege helps shield the president from the other two branches of government, giving the modern president even more power.By law, when a president enters office he proposes a reckon and the Congress approves it. However, it is not stated clearly that he must spend all of it. Often times the executive chooses not to use all the money congress provides this is referred to as the impoundment of funds. Jefferson, Grant, Hoover, and Roosevelt all deferred money. Truman did not spend as much moneyon the military as Congress granted, while Kennedy refused to effect money into weapons systems. The Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 changed all this. It came in response to President Nixons refusal to spend funds allotted to him by Congress and was passed over Nixons veto.The law required the e xecutive to spend all money appropriated by Congress with few exceptions. Among the exceptions were if the president did not want to spend the funds, he must notify Congress. However, Congress can override the president if they do not give him consent to infer the funds within forty-five days. The Budget and Impoundment Control Act puts the executive at a disadvantage, allowing the legislative branch a little control.Despite the restraints put on the power of the executive branch by the separation of powers and the predomination of the legislative branch, the president has successfully surmounted many limitations by bestowing special rights upon the executive. These privileges have increased the power of the president while enabling him to make decision and take action more successfully and efficiently. In the past 60 years, however, the executive branch has gained an extraordinary amount of power, roughly allowing the position to rival the authority in all of Congress. However, i t is extremely necessary to have a lovesome executive in the United States.

Past Year Question Essay Example for Free

Past Year Question EssayPART APublic Aw areness is the Key to Fight Pollution Pollution in the most basic trope littering of rubbish or clogged drains to that of higher level such as dumping of hazardous ball up and illegal logging, is chiefly attributed to wishing of public awareness, so contends Minister of Natural Resources and Environment. As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialized nations, befoulment is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. No amount of law contribute succeed in deterring people from polluting the environment so long as they are unaware or so the adverse consequences of their action, he said. Although we have come down hard on the culprits, we can never be satisfied as we keep on raising the bar by benchmarking against developed nations in the likes of Japan, Sweden and newfangled Zealand where every citizen is fully aware of their role in environmental preservation, he adds. As for water contamination, in one case a source of drinking water, many rivers in Malaysia have become dumping grounds for variant types of hazardous wastes. Of all natural resources, water is the most severely threatened by pollution in this country. In 2006, gypsum, oil and hydrocarbon, dross, heavy metal sludge, mineral sludge and e-waste were the main categories of waste produced in the country. Of the summarize wastes produced, 110,814 metric tonnes were treated and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd, 9,360 metric tonnes (0.8%) at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and 11,364 metric tonnes were incinerated at licensed off-site facilities. Source Malaysian Business 16/9/2007QUESTION 1a)As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialised nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. Based on your knowledge on the Materials Balance Model, explain this statement. (5 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA hugger-muggerCONFIDENTIAL3BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646b)Water pollution in Malaysia is caused by point and non-point sources. What is the release between the two? Which classification does the group of water pollution sources mentioned in the last paragraph of the article belong to? (5 marks) What type of pollution control method can be implied from paragraphs 2 and 3 in the article? Describe the method and give an example. (5 marks) Pollution is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness. Assuming you are an environmental economist, do you agree or disagree with the statement? Elaborate. (5 marks)c)d)e)What is the difference between positive and normative economics? Suggest one sentence in the article that reflects a positive statement. (5 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PARTB4BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646QUESTION 1a)What is sustainable growing? influence and illustrate with an example. (5 marks)b)How is green gross domestic product (GDP) different from the traditional GDP? What are the arguments for the use of green GDP as growth indicator? (10 marks ) With the help of relevant diagram, explain accessible welfare in the form of consumer surplus. (10 marks)c)QUESTION 2a)What is meant by allocative efficiency? relieve. (5 marks)b)How does a deposit-refund system scat in controlling domestic solid waste disposal? Explain with the assistance of a diagram. (10 marks) Define deforestation and its causes. Why is accelerated deforestation a concern in many countries? (10 marks)c)QUESTION 3a)Describe the occurrence of global warming. (5 marks)b)What are the challenges faced by countries in reducing greenhouse heavy weapon (GHG) emissions in their countries? Explain. (10 marks) Explain the efforts done at international level to reduce ozone depletion problem. (10 marks)c) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 45BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646a)Market failure can be associated with externalities. Define marketplace failure and externalities. (5 marks) Explain how free-ridership leads to market failure of a public good such as clean-cut air. (10 marks)b)c)Palm oil refineries generate social cost to society in the form of smoke and particles. Explain and model in a diagram the efficient equilibrium for palmoil in the carriage of these atmospheric emissions. (10 marks)QUESTION 5Briefly explain the followinga) b) c) d) e)Explicit and implicit environmental be (5 marks) Coase theorem (5 marks) Environmental Kuznets curve (5 marks) Polluter-Pay-Principle (5 marks) Acid deposition (5 marks)END OF QUESTION PAPER Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL

Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo Essay Example for Free

Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo EssayThis evidence analyses the subject field of RestaurantCo, a large non-unionised eating house play along with over 300 breakes crossways the UK, and more than than 7000 employed staff members (Suter Marchington 2011). fit to Brad and Gold (2012, p.401) the term non-unionised is a employplace, where managers have flexibility in designing lead, selecting, promotion and training people, and determining rewards and other human resources (HR) practices. As briefly delimitate managers carry out many duties and responsibilities for the clientele. In order to have a better understanding of the exercise of line managers and employee transaction at RestaurantCo it would be necessary to explore and outline the strengths and weaknesses of the company. To be more specific, this testify will explore and outline the main strengths and weaknesses in the working style of sleeve managers and the structural centralization within the organisation, the formal and informal employee involvement and conjunction (EIP) practices, the working kinds mingled with front line managers and employees, and the combative assembleiveness of the organisational HRM system and capability framework for branch managers. This case study of RestaurantCo focuses on the organisational problems that stems from the centralisation of corporate decision making and monitoring. The company regarded itself as a high quality eating place business with a strong focus on positive employee traffic thus reflected in their history of informal trading relations approach (Suter Marchington 2011).However, since the change in ownership the company had to implement new business strategies and HR practices as well as make further kick upstairsments to the restaurant environment. For instance, the changes in the restaurant environment include refurbishments, expanded food and drinks menus, and cost savings by integ valuation the supply con catenation with otherrestaurants own by the group (Suter Marchington 2011). Consequently, some of these changes were seen as quite extensive and problematic for restaurant managers. For instance, some of these organisational changes were slightly inefficient and costly in terms of deliveries and that mistakes were frequently made in the order and supply of ingredients (Suter Marchington 2011). Managers were no longer able to order directly from suppliers but instead were instructed to direct their orders through and through the supply ambit department, whose understanding of the needs of individual branches were seen as limited (Suter Marchington 2011).There were also redundant changes in ameliorate node assistance such as the introduction to the Mystery Customer chess opening (Suter Marchington 2011, p.213). This program initiative was seen as a form of corporate centralised monitoring and control of service, which roughly contradicts the supposed accustomed autonomy t o branch managers. This demonstrates senior charge distrust in its branch managers abilities to meet or see their duties and responsibilities. This form of control violates the psychological contract between the branch managers and employers which is also known as a two-way exchanged of perceived promises and obligations between employees and their employer (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 12). In this case, senior attention had infringed on the trust between its branch managers by having a centralised monitoring system in placed to gather customer discipline and business operation, thus in turn violating their psychological contract (Suter Marchington 2011).Consequently, creating a negative low-trust and low- committal relationship comp bed to a high-trust and high-commitment participatory relationship between senior forethought and branch managers (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 160). Neverthe little, control is seen as somewhat necessary by senior heed, but too much control might be har mful (Dant Nasr, 1998, p. 7). Hence, excessive levels of control should be c befully considered as it will impact on business cognitive operation levels (Dant Nasr, 1998, p. 7). As stated in Dant and Nasr (1998, p.7) tight control is generally not perceived well by managers who are driven by a strong desire for in imagineence and autonomy, they may withheld legitimate and helpful information from senior wariness or employers in order to preserve some verificatory form of control as they might believe that their input would not be valued or validated. In thisparticular case, tight control would lead to less cooperation between branch managers and senior management.Furthermore, feedback from ar hind endum customers to senior management may not be as useful or informative compared to the managers colossal dot of knowledge and experience regarding its local business restaurant market environment and business performance levels. Rather than just rewarding performance related bonu s to managers who receive an overall satisfactory rating from mystery customers there should also be incentives or reward schemes in placed for managers who actually fork over authentic and helpful information to senior management (Michael, 2002, p. 329). This sort of privileged information could further enhance the organisations productivity and performance. For instance, the organisation would have a greater competitive advantage through new strategic opportunities and awareness of new threats as mentioned by its branch managers (Michael, 2002, p. 329).This upward flow of information decentralises the tight monitoring and control of senior management but more importantly strengthens the communication, commitment, trust and employee relations between senior management and its branch managers through reciprocal cooperation and reward schemes (Michael, 2002, p. 329). It is crucial in service industries that branch managers be transcendn more autonomy to make operational decisions a s their understanding of the business environment surrounding their individual branches is relatively more extensive compare to senior management and management support, who have limited understanding of the business environment. This form is referred to as decentralisation (Dant Nasr, 1998). According to Suter and Marchington (2011), each restaurant establishment was usually hightail it by a branch manager and two supporters.The role of supervisory responsibilities was shared between the branch manager and assistant manager due to the long operating hours and the turn on system, hence, the manager on handicraft would take on the role of supervising employees (Suter Marchington 2011). The manager on duty dealt primarily with problems and issues in regards to employees, and that wider issues were assigned to the branch manager. The branch managers in addition carried out a human action of HR functions such as employment appraisals, pay reviews, and personal development plans (Suter Marchington 2011). These branch managers had described their work as being more intensified and that the HR policies had become more sophisticated andformalised (Suter Marchington 2011). classify managers were supposedly allowed a fair degree of autonomy in how they could manage the restaurant.A key portion of the capability framework enabled branch managers to take charge of their own delivery and performance. However, managers experienced great bother in making operational decisions regarding their restaurant. Some of the reasons were due to the fact that the management support team were not always quick available to branch managers but also that company-wide operational decisions were being implemented at branch levels, in turn conflicting with branch managers operational decisions (Suter Marchington 2011). Branch managers should be provided with support passim the restaurant operational hours from the management support office except, the restaurant support team operates on a 9-5 office-based workplace arrangement (Suter Marchington 2011). This would lead to substantial problems when the restaurant requires assistance after the support office ends operation, wherefore causing an inconvenience when decision and support is needed.It might also affect the organisations composition if issues are not promptly resolved. Without proper support and facilitation from the support management team, branch managers are unable to perform their role efficiently. Under the influence of senior management, branch managers were pressured into implementing formal relationship practices with their employees (Suter Marchington 2011). However, one of the philia components of a psychological contract is workplace communication which will generally help to minimize the put on consensus effect, meaning that people assume that they share the same perceptions (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 433). For instance, branch managers perceived the restaurant and its employmen t relations as informal whereas head office had expressed the need for more professional management and more importantly had over-rated the formality of policy murder at branch level (Suter Marchington 2011).Notably, communication is a significant component of a psychological contrast as it is quite evident that branch managers and senior management had conflicting views on how the restaurant business needed to be operated. Alternatively, It would be beneficial for senior management and branch managers to effectively communicate their views crosswise to one another in order to minimize the stupid consensus effect (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 433). Again, to contain that this can actually happen, senior managementwould need to be more readily available to branch managers and vice versa in order to strengthen the psychological contract between them. According to the branch managers the organisational change brought about more job responsibilities, intensified workload and more expecta tions from senior management (Suter Marchington 2011).Whilst handling their supervisory responsibilities, the dayto-day HR functions and operational responsibilities such as ordering and control of crease/supplies, forecasting labour budgets and marketing initiatives were devolved into the roles of branch managers (Suter Marchington 2011). This devolvement of HR functions into the role of branch managers goes beyond the parameters of what is essential of branch managers. Despite this, senior management have not provided their branch manager with further additional training in their new responsibilities and duties neither has it been outlined in their legal binding contract. Even though the assistant managers and branch managers shared the same responsibilities of supervising the employees, employees still reported directly to the branch managers (Suter Marchington 2011).alternatively of sharing this supervisory responsibility of employees, it would be more efficient and product ive to delegate this responsibility to the assistant manager so that branch managers can focus more on the operational responsibilities and HR functions. other obstacle branch managers had identified was their inability to make operational decisions regarding the day-to-day running of the branch due to the lack of coordination or collaboration in the senior management company-wide operational decision-making process (Suter Marchington 2011). This in effect reinforces senior management distrust in its branch managers ability to fulfil their role and therefore, causing rage and animosity towards senior management from its branch managers. According to Dant and Gundlach (1998, p.37) excessive controls aimed at monitoring employees can be costly as it can generate motivational and morale problems among employees.It is important from a management berth to balance the forces of dependence and autonomy within the business in order to maintain the long run viability of the business orga nisation (Dant Gundlach, 1998, p. 37). In terms of achieving overall effectiveness senior management need to bring to a more productive relationship between branch managers and employees in their organisation. Another important thought to consider isthat the company and branch units have contrasting economic and managerial characteristics (Bradach, 1997, p. 276) whereby, the senior management of the company must meet two key management argufys maintaining conformity and system-wide adaptability (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). With reference to RestaurantCo, units in a range of a function share a common identity by operating under the RestaurantCo trademark (Bradach, 1997, p. 277).There are five underlying categories of unison in an organisation and they are, the line manager, organisational systems, learning culture, role and responsibility and HR department and professionalism (Harrison, 2011, p. 921). In order to preserve the integrity and value, the company must enforce concord across these five underlying categories through bureaucratic control and standardisation (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). Furthermore, in order to ensure the sustainability of the company, it must be able to adapt to the opportunities and threats (Bradach, 1997, p. 282). In addition, senior managers must identify and implement system-wide adaption processes and practices that will fit to some extent across all of the individual branches, except the main challenge of this is to ensure that all the branches move in the same direction. The plural form model of management proposed by Bradach (1997) can be used to effectively address the uniformity and system-wide adaptability problems.The plural form consists of four processes which are as followed modelling process, ratcheting process, socialisation process and mutual learning process (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Through these processes the company can pursue greater uniformity and improve system-wide adaptation across the restaurant chains (Brada ch, 1997, p. 283). The modelling process is focused on the structural element of the management by increasing the use of common practices across the organisation and the restaurant chains (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The ratcheting process is part of the control system of management which enables both branch managers and senior managers to influence each other as well as increase the level of uniformity and performance of the chain overall (Bradach, 1997, p. 283).The socialisation process reflects the career path aspect of management, which essentially helps to establish a shared understanding of what is required to operate a restaurant, thus will increase the uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Lastly, the mutual learning process is also referred to as the strategy makingprocess, which focuses on improving the system-wide adaptability by providing performance data and demonstrating new ideas to help persuade branch managers to adopt the proposed system-wide adaptation s (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). overall the plural form is used to overcome some of the control problems associated with managing restaurant branches and maintaining uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997).Another important key issue highlighted from this case study is how formal and informal employee involvement and participation (EIP) practices are implemented by management. According to the RestaurantCo capability framework which consisted of eight capabilities, four related specifically to informal EIP (Suter Marchington 2011). EIP is influenced or shaped by four dimensional factors which are, the two type of forms of EIP (formal and informal EIP), degree of involvement of the employees (ranged from very little to a considerable amount), different levels of EIP within the organisation (head office to branch level) and scope of subject matter (long term plans that are central to the organisation and short term issues regarding the restaurant) (Marchington Kynighou, 2012, p. 333 8). RestaurantCo depend heavily on their employees interaction with customers, for this reason it is noticeably best to implement informal EIP because their engagement with customers is instrumental to the organisational performance levels and profitability.By using informal EIP branch managers are able to gain employees affective commitment to the organisation (Rodrigues, 1994). Although, branch managers must take into consideration the contextual circumstances in relation to the restaurant and the four contingencies outlined above to assist in determining the appropriate EIP to implement for their given work situation (Rodrigues, 1994). More specifically, formal EIP was utilised in the larger and busier restaurant branches as branch managers had less time to involve employees informally and formal EIP was the most effective way of bringing staff members up to date with important information and news (Suter Marchington 2011). On the other hand, informal EIP was utilised or train ed more predominately in the smaller branch restaurants (Suter Marchington 2011). However, effective co-existence of formal and informal EIP is essential for the organisations long term sustainability (Denton, 1994).Informality at RestaurantCo is an effective instrument of recognising and managing employee voice (Denton, 1994). Therole of informality is to give employees an open channel for informal communication speculation with managers, so that they can address their concerns and to give informative feedback on work related issues (Beattie, 2006). The constant changeability and flexibility of the workplace environment, illustrates the need for informal day-to-day communications in comparison to official formalised meetings with employees, which can be more costly and time consuming. supra all, the flexibility and diversity of organisational arrangements in the service persistence reinforces the need for the implementation of informal EIP practices (Beattie, 2006). In summary, the RestaurantCo case study illustrated some important strengths and weaknesses in the HR management practices and organisational frameworks.Overall, several weaknesses were identified such as the need for informal relations between line managers and employees, the importance of decentralisation to enable cooperation and collaboration between branch managers and senior management through the plural form model. Furthermore, it was exemplified that there should be a co-existence and implementation of both formal and informal EIP in the workplace. Evidently, business performance levels can be improved by balancing the dependency and autonomy of branch managers, so that they can efficiently perform to their capabilities. In conclusion, this essay highlighted some positive and negative issues regarding operational responsibilities of senior management and branch managers.ReferencesBeattie, RS 2006, Line Managers and Workplace knowledge Learning from the voluntary sector,Human Resource Developmental International, vol.9, no.1, pp. 99-119, viewed 2 Setptember 2013, Ebsco database. Bradach, JL 1997, Using the plural form in the management of restaurant chains, Administrativ.e Science Quarterly, vol.42, no.2, pp. 276-303 viewed 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Bratton, J Gold, J 2012 Human Resource Management theory and practice, 5th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Dant, RP Gundlach, GT 1998, Dependence in Franchised Channels of Distribution, daybook of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, pp. 35-67 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Dant, RP Nasr, NI 1998, Control techniques and upward flow of information in franchising in distantmarketsconceptualisation and preliminary evidence, ledger of Business Venturing, Vol.13, pp. 3-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Denton, DK 1994, Empowerment through Employee Involvement and Participation Fords Development and nurture Programs, Empowerment in Organisations An International Journal,vol. , no.2, pp. 22-2 8 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Harrison, P 2011, Perspective on answer Learning culture, line managers and HR professional practice,Journal of European Indutrial Training ,vol. 35, no.9, pp. 914-928 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Marchington, M Kynighou, A 2012, The dynamics of employee involvement and participation during turbulent times, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.23, no.16, pp. 3336-3354 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Michael, S C 2002, Can a franchise chain coordinate?, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.17, pp. 325-341 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Rodrigues, CA 1994, Employee Participation and Empowerment Programs Problems of definition and implementation,Empowerment in Organisations,vol. 2, no.2, pp. 29-40 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Suter, J Marchington, M 2011, The role of line managers and employee voice in the restaurant industry, in T Dundon and A Wilkinson (eds), C ase studies in global management Strategy, innovation and people management, Tilde Press, pp. 212-220

Database Technology Essay Example for Free

Database Technology analyseObjectives of the course This course aims to provide continuum to where the first course of entropybases left off. founding aspects of relational databases are covered. entangled data models like OO OR parallel and distributed are introduced. The course provides students a good overview of the ideas and the techniques, which are posterior recent developments in the fields of data warehousing and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). 1. Overview Review of relational database systems, ER diagram, SQL. 2. Integrity and Security Domain constraints referential integrity, assertions triggers triggers and Assertions in SQL. Security and Authorization Authorization in SQL. 3. relative Database Design First Normal form pitfalls in relational database design, functional dependencies decomposition.Desirable properties of decomposition. Boyce Code prescript form 3rd and 4th normal form. Mention of other normal forms. 4. The ER Model Revisited want for c omplex data types, User Defined Abstract Data Types And Structured Types, Subclasses, Super classes, Inheritance, Specialization and Generalization, race Types of Degree Higher Than Two. 5. Object- lie Object relational databases Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors, Encapsulation of Operations, Methods, and Persistence, Type Hierarchies and Inheritance, Type extents and Queries, Database Design For An ORDBMS Nested Relations and Collections Storage And Access methods, Overview of SQL3. 6. Parallel and Distributed Databases Parallel Query Evaluation Parallelizing Individual Operations, Sorting, Joins Distributed Database Concepts, Data Fragmentation, Replication, and storage allocation techniques for Distributed Database Design Query Processing in Distributed Databases Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases.7. Enhanced Data Models for go on Applications. (Overview and Design issues) Temporal Databases Spatial Databases Geographic Informat ion Systems, Mobile Databases. 8. Data Warehousing and OLAP. a) Data storage warehouse Basics Data Warehouse (DW) Introduction Overview Data Marts, DW components Data warehouse architecture ETL Data novelty Extracting, Conditioning, cleansing, Scrubbing, Merging, etc., b) OLAP Multi-dimensional modeling Fact table, dimensions, measures, examples Schema Design Star and Snowflake OLAP OLAP Vs OLTP, ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP tools. OLAP Operations Rollup, Drill-down, Dice slice, pivot. Text Books 1. Elmasri and Navathe, basic principle of Database Systems, Pearson Education2. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gerhke, Database Management Systems McGraw pitchers mound 3. Kimball, Ralph Reeves, Laura et al Data warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit expert methods for designing, developing, and deploying data warehouses Wiley publications. References 1. Korth, Silberchatz, Sudarshan, Database System Concepts McGraw Hill 2. C.J.Date, Longman, Introduction to Database Systems, Pearson Education 3. Paul raj Ponnian, Data Warehousing Fundamentals, John Wiley. Term Work Term take to the woods shall consist of at least 10 assignments/programming assignments and one written test. attach 1. Attendance (Theory and Practical) 05 Marks2. Laboratory work ( tests and Journal) 10 Marks 3. Test (at least one) 10 Marks The final documentation and acceptance of TW ensures the satisfactory performance of laboratory Work and Minimum Passing in the term work. Suggested Experiment List 1. At least one or two review SQL assignments covering triggers, assertions and authorizations. 2. Object Oriented Queries 3. Case study assignments for OO and OR database. 4. Two mini projects in distributed and parallel databases. 5. Hands on either one good warehousing tool (Oracle/SQL server Analysis tool etc.) 6. A full nurture mini project in which a student will design and implement a data warehouse. The data warehouse must be populated and OLAP queries and operations to be demonstrated for the warehouse.

Free

Free Will in Experimental Philosophy demonstrateAlthough the let go allow problem envelops a spectrum of bases, I agree with the following belief The kin group argon compatibilists active free will. While at that place ar, of course, incompatibilists and indeterminists, for the most part, the general population consists of compatibilists. Now, I know experimental philosophy has a problem with the use of generalizations without actual statistics, but throughout this paper, I will apologize precisely why the world revolves in a generally compatibilist manner.Firstly, to speak of compatibilism, youd suck up to evolve that the world is deterministic, meaning that allthing that happens from here on out, including human action, is caused by the facts of everything that has happened before it. With that assumption in mind, compatibilist retrieve that we still have free will as long as we atomic number 18nt operating infra external limitations. The problem with that i s that although compatibilists believe we are free, there is still disagreement on just exactly how free we may be, which is the weak spot indeterminists and incompatibilists use to try to break the argument.One nature of compatibilism is referred to as classic compatibilism. This means that wed be acting freely as long as we, without being impeded by any outside force, aim a course of action that we personally guide for ourselves. These compatibilists believe that it is the presence of impediments such as physical restraints, lack of opportunity, duress or coercion, physical or mental impairment, and the like that would cause us to not act freely (Caruso, 2012). However, this line of cerebrate is not accepted by those who support the Consequence Argument.In the simplest terms, this argument states that no one has power everyplace the facts of the past and the laws of nature. Also, no one has power over the fact that the facts of the past and the laws of nature entail every fac t of the future (i. e. , determinism is original). Because of that, no one has power over the facts of the future (McKenna, 2004). Compatibilists respond to this by verbal expression that the focal point should be the diametriciation betwixt free and un-free, and not by the absence of causes. another(prenominal) philosophers argue that we act freely when our first rule and second severalize desires become aligned.Because our mental processes are more developed than those of younger children and simpler animals, we have the rule to decide whether our instincts or raw desires should be acted upon. That rationale is referred to as the second order desires (Frankfurt, 1971). For example, Chris is at the bar with his girlfriend Ana. While Chris has stepped away to the restroom, Jose approaches Ana and flirts with her in a manner that she does not feel comfortable with. Once out of the bathroom, Chris sees this.Enraged, he initially compulsions to go and physically put Jose in hi s place. In spite of this, he remembers that he is up for a promotion at work, and getting into a bar fight probably wont help his chances of receiving it. He tells Ana to arrest her things. They leave. What we see here is the protagonist, Chris, experiencing first order desires that make him want to hurt Jose. His second order desires are what tell him that although he is feeling those first order desires, his second order desires are not in agreement and therefore, he shouldnt act on them.Although some compatibilists seem to be satisfied with this reasoning because it justifies the causation of our actions, it doesnt explain whether our thoughts and desires are consequences of the past as well. An example would be that Kate feels the desire to take a run in the park and does so. Yet, if determinism is true, which compatibilists believe it is, she is already determined to feel that way, and although she may want to feel that way, without any outside force acting on her she is not free (McKenna, 2004).Her first order and second order desires may even align, but without the ability to do otherwise, due to determinism, she would not be free. Even so, compatibilist Michael Levin says minding or accepting ones desires is as much an effect of past causes as the desires themselves, but if our internal desires are causally determined, they cannot also be free. All it would be is a different form of causality (Caruso, 2012).Nevertheless, compatibilists argue that it isnt necessary for an individual to have been able to do otherwise (Nahmias, Stephen, Nadelhoffer, Turner, 2005). If there were the choices of A through Z and someone that could manipulate me into doing A that would do so if I didnt do it on my own, I would still have free will if I picked A without the manipulation. In this case, compatibilist see me as having had free will because I chose A on my own. My 1st order desires were aligned with my 2nd and that is why A happened.If I had been manipulated to do so, then the problem of free will would once again come into question, but being that the manipulator is fairly irrelevant to the story since I acted on my own accord, and would have done the same thing without the potential manipulative factor. Also, there a couple of studies done to determine what relationship non-philosophers believed existed between free will, determinism, and moral responsibility. In Study 1, there were three scenarios. Scenario 1 was negative. Scenario 2 was positive, and Scenario 3 was neutral.In all three cases, between 68 79% of folk said there was free will. While there were some fluctuations in percentages when it came to the association between free will and the ability to choose otherwise, the amount of participants making judgments that disagreed with incompatibilism was two to three times great than those that followed along with incompatibilist intuitions. This study was supported by their second study. In this study, they tell the subjects tha t everything in the beingness is caused wholly by their genes and environment.The scenario takes twins, Fred and Barney, and places Fred with the Jerksons and Barney with the Kindersons. One day they both find a wallet with $1000. Fred keeps it, speckle Barney returns it to its rightful owner. When polling the participants, 76% said they both acted on their own free will and could have done otherwise. This shows that the majority of folk believe that compatibilism is true, and while external factors and facts of the past efficiency influence the choice making process, it does not bound it therefore we are free within the confines of a determined universe (Nahmias, Stephen, Nadelhoffer, Turner, 2005).Now, why do I personally find the folk are compatibilist about free will to be true? Aside from the aforementioned statistics, the reason is that if we did not find a middle ground between free will and determinism, we wouldnt do any of the things we do. Everything from the grading systems used in give instructions to receiving a promotion at work all the way to fighting wars is done in a compatibilist manner. The premise of all these concepts is the idea that if you choose do X, having the option of Y, Z will happen.If you work hard enough in school (X), you will receive good grades (Z), even though you can just be lazy (Y). If you are the most productive and pleasant at your job (X), you will receive a promotion (Z). If we go into a war (X), we have the chance of winning (Z). While all the factors in each of those scenarios energy have also been determined, there is no reason for us to feel disappointment when we really canvass but still managed to only get a B on a test or when we lose troops across seas.Though the previous paragraph does explain that folk believe in free will, it doesnt explain why folk have the compatibilist view of free will. The reasoning for that is because while compatibilists believe that you can control some aspects of your life , you cant control all of them. As Michael Levin said, Compatibilist unremarkably agree that free will does require behavior at least to be determined, since you cannot freely do what is beyond your control. For example, we are born and we die. The sun rises. The sun sets. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. in that respect are certain laws of physics that we must adhere to. Some will argue that we believe those to be stable laws of how the universe will operate, but only because thats what its done until now. Tomorrow we might not have the sun rise, and tomorrow we might inhale carbon monoxide and exhale nitrogen. However, since certain things have been fixed for a trustworthy amount of time, we, the folk, have accepted it as determined facts of the universe. The determined factors of the universe are the skeleton upon which we place the flesh that is our free will. ? References Caruso, G. D.(2012). The Folk Psychology of Free Will Arguement Against Compatibilism. Kriteri on diary of Philosophy, 26, 56-89. Frankfurt, H. G. (1971, January 14). Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. The Journal of Philosophy, 5-20. McKenna, M. (2004, April 26). Compatibilism. Retrieved from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/compatibilism/ Nahmias, E. , Stephen, M. , Nadelhoffer, T. , Turner, J. (2005, October). Surverying Freedom Folk Intuitions about Free Will and Moral Responsibility. Philosophical Psychology, 18(5), 561 584.