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Past Year Question EssayPART APublic Aw areness is the Key to Fight Pollution Pollution in the most basic trope littering of rubbish or clogged drains to that of higher level such as dumping of hazardous ball up and illegal logging, is chiefly attributed to wishing of public awareness, so contends Minister of Natural Resources and Environment. As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialized nations, befoulment is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. No amount of law contribute succeed in deterring people from polluting the environment so long as they are unaware or so the adverse consequences of their action, he said. Although we have come down hard on the culprits, we can never be satisfied as we keep on raising the bar by benchmarking against developed nations in the likes of Japan, Sweden and newfangled Zealand where every citizen is fully aware of their role in environmental preservation, he adds. As for water contamination, in one case a source of drinking water, many rivers in Malaysia have become dumping grounds for variant types of hazardous wastes. Of all natural resources, water is the most severely threatened by pollution in this country. In 2006, gypsum, oil and hydrocarbon, dross, heavy metal sludge, mineral sludge and e-waste were the main categories of waste produced in the country. Of the summarize wastes produced, 110,814 metric tonnes were treated and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd, 9,360 metric tonnes (0.8%) at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and 11,364 metric tonnes were incinerated at licensed off-site facilities. Source Malaysian Business 16/9/2007QUESTION 1a)As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialised nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. Based on your knowledge on the Materials Balance Model, explain this statement. (5 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA hugger-muggerCONFIDENTIAL3BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646b)Water pollution in Malaysia is caused by point and non-point sources. What is the release between the two? Which classification does the group of water pollution sources mentioned in the last paragraph of the article belong to? (5 marks) What type of pollution control method can be implied from paragraphs 2 and 3 in the article? Describe the method and give an example. (5 marks) Pollution is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness. Assuming you are an environmental economist, do you agree or disagree with the statement? Elaborate. (5 marks)c)d)e)What is the difference between positive and normative economics? Suggest one sentence in the article that reflects a positive statement. (5 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PARTB4BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646QUESTION 1a)What is sustainable growing? influence and illustrate with an example. (5 marks)b)How is green gross domestic product (GDP) different from the traditional GDP? What are the arguments for the use of green GDP as growth indicator? (10 marks ) With the help of relevant diagram, explain accessible welfare in the form of consumer surplus. (10 marks)c)QUESTION 2a)What is meant by allocative efficiency? relieve. (5 marks)b)How does a deposit-refund system scat in controlling domestic solid waste disposal? Explain with the assistance of a diagram. (10 marks) Define deforestation and its causes. Why is accelerated deforestation a concern in many countries? (10 marks)c)QUESTION 3a)Describe the occurrence of global warming. (5 marks)b)What are the challenges faced by countries in reducing greenhouse heavy weapon (GHG) emissions in their countries? Explain. (10 marks) Explain the efforts done at international level to reduce ozone depletion problem. (10 marks)c) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 45BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646a)Market failure can be associated with externalities. Define marketplace failure and externalities. (5 marks) Explain how free-ridership leads to market failure of a public good such as clean-cut air. (10 marks)b)c)Palm oil refineries generate social cost to society in the form of smoke and particles. Explain and model in a diagram the efficient equilibrium for palmoil in the carriage of these atmospheric emissions. (10 marks)QUESTION 5Briefly explain the followinga) b) c) d) e)Explicit and implicit environmental be (5 marks) Coase theorem (5 marks) Environmental Kuznets curve (5 marks) Polluter-Pay-Principle (5 marks) Acid deposition (5 marks)END OF QUESTION PAPER Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL